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    Biological explanation of copepods


    • 遊泳肢の形状がかい（船などをこぐオール）に似ているので、「カイアシ類」と呼ばれます:
      In Japanese, copepods are called "kai ashi" because the shape of  swimmerets resembles paddles (paddle is "kai" in Japanese, and "ashi" means "arthropodium" here).
      身体の前方にある肢は摂餌に使う、口器付属肢です:
      The arthropodium on the front of body are mouthparts used for feeding.
      生殖孔から産卵します
      They lay eggs from the gonopore.
      第一触角は左右にぴんと伸ばして、餌や捕食者を感知する”アンテナ”の役割を果たします
      Copepods have their first antennae stretched out to the left and right. They act as "antennas" to detect prey and predators.

      口器付属肢:mouthparts, 遊泳肢:swimmerets, 生殖孔:gonopore, 第一触角:first antenna


      • Copepods is the most prevalent (about 80% of the population and biomass) crustacean among multicellular zooplanktons in the oceans around the world.
      • Copepods is about 0.5 to 10 mm long, and its phagocytosis is a particulate-feeding species that eats phytoplankton and unicellular zooplankton. However, it also includes carnivorous species that feed on other multicellular zooplanktons, and detritus-feeding species that feed on marinsnow and detritus that have settled from the surface.
      • Differences in diet and diet are thought to have a major impact on copepods species differentiation, with species richer in the middle layer (200-1000 m). This is thought to reflect the variety of copepods baits in the middle class.


    • Here are videos about copepods. Halaman
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    Species Diversity and Community Structure of copepods


    • 属及び種数:number of genus or species, 種多様度指数:species diversity index, 類似度:degree of similarity, 水深:water depth, 表層:surface layer, 中層:middle layer, 漸深層:bathyal zone, 属の数:number of genus, 種数:number of species, 個体数:number of individuals, バイオマス: biomass, 昼間:daytime, 夜間:night

      Diversity is high in the middle layer (200-1000 m).

    • Yamaguchi et al., 2002, Deap Sea Research Part I URL
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    Explanation of Metridia species

    •  咀嚼歯:chewing tooth

            

      The Metridia belonging to the caranus of copepods is a typical particulate diet species with a body length of 2-5 mm.

      Within the same genus, the shape of the chewing teeth of the appendages of the mouth varies widely from species to species.

      The chewing teeth of the superficial species are smooth, and the chewing teeth of the deep sea species are irregular.


    • The chewing teeth of the superficial species are smooth, and the chewing teeth of the deep sea species are irregular. Halaman
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    Vertical segregation within the genus Metridia

    • Four species of the genus Metridia dominate the subarctic zone. The vertical profiles of these four species were segregated vertically within a 0-4000 m water column between homogeneous species with each other.

      雌成体の体長:length of adult female, 摂餌に使う口器付属肢:mouthparts used for feeding, 水深:water depth
      発育段階（C1-C6）の結果を表示:
      Results for developmental stages (C1-C6) are displayed.
      黒は夜間、白は昼間のデータを示す。:
      Black indicates nighttime data, and white indicates daytime data.


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    Summary

      • The species diversity of the order copepods, which predominates in multicellular zooplankton, exhibited a maximum in the mid-layer of 200-1000 m water depth.

      • The copepods communities varied depending on the water depth and were largely divided into three communities: the surface (0-500 m), the middle (500-2000 m) and the gradual depths (deeper than 2000 m).

      • Four species of the same Metridia species, ranging from surface to water depth of 4000 m, were segregated with different distributed seismic intensity.

      • Morphology of the four masticatory teeth of the same genus varied depending on the species, and as the species distributed in the shallow layer, the masticatory teeth were smoother, and the species distributed in the deep layer were irregular.

      • Morphology of the four masticatory teeth of the same genus varied depending on the species, and as the species distributed in the shallow layer, the masticatory teeth were smoother, and the species distributed in the deep layer were irregular.

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    Research Introduction Marine Biology