Vertical cross section of alkalinity and total carbonic acid in the Pacific Ocean

　As Antarctic bottom waters move northward, alkalinity and DIC increase in the bottom layer. It is highest in the deep waters of the North Pacific high latitudes. The water with this characteristic appears to move southward at a depth of 2000-3000 m and reaches about 45 degrees south latitude. Dissolution of calcium carbonate particles is the factor that significantly changes alkalinity in seawater. In the deep layer of the North Pacific subarctic region, which is the terminus of the deep circulation, seawater with the most advanced dissolution of calcium carbonate particles is flowing, and the alkalinity is also high.