This study has clarified the process by which changes in the timing of sea ice melting affect marine ecosystems. However, there is also concern about the effects of global warming, freshwater conversion, low trophic levels, and acidification on the ocean surface layer and their impacts on marine ecosystems. Climate change such as global warming is occurring not only in the polar regions but also in various other ocean regions. It is hoped that a better understanding of the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems will lead to the sustainable use of marine resources.
