單元大綱

    • Red tide occurred in the waters around Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, in late September 2020
      • The dominant species is Karenia selliformis
      • Genetic information of this K. selliformis are 100% identical genetically with K. selliformis of the 2021 Hokkaido red tide (Iwataki et al., 2021)
      • A part of the red tide may reach the sea area around the Northern Territories in a few months by riding on the Oyashio Current (Kuroda et al., 2021)

    • Ocean heat waves occurred over a wide area of the Pacific Ocean, including around Hokkaido, Japan, in July and August 2021

      • This is the largest ocean heat wave on record with water temperatures rising max 5℃ higher than normal
      • Causal relationship between ocean heat waves and red tide outbreaks is unknown