Speciation and molecular adaptation of North Pacific Rim elemental species groups

凍結海域：Frozen sea  不凍性獲得：antifreeze acquisition　連続した島嶼地形：Contiguous island landforms

急斜面：steep slope　海水準変動：sea level change　海流：ocean current　

同所的種分化：sympatric speciation　異所的種分化：allopatric speciation　側所的種分化：parapatric speciation

The North Pacific coast is a landform of islands, metaphorically called the necklace of the earth, through which cold currents flow in a counterclockwise direction. The North Pacific coast is home to a variety of speciation mechanisms that result from geological history and topography, including habitat fragmentation due to sea-level change, the opening of straits to the marginal seas, and environmental gradients based on latitude and depth. Large-scale phylogenetic and gene expression analyses will elucidate the origin and evolutionary processes of North Pacific Rim marine biology.