Section outline

    • sea ​​salt

      Ocean circulation is driven by density differences in seawater. The density of seawater is determined by salinity and temperature.

      First, learn about the factors that determine the salinity of the ocean surface.


    • Ocean circulation

      Deep water forms in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic Ocean, and bottom water forms in the Southern Ocean. Bottom water crawls northward along the bottom of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Deep water is gradually brought to the middle and surface layers. Surface water quickly returns to the North Atlantic Ocean.